A Q is true
B R is true
C Q and R can\'t both be true
D P is false
Explanation: P→Q and P true means Q true. P→R and P true means R true. Q∧R→S means S should be true, but it\'s false. Contradiction.
A All high tariff countries are uncompetitive
B Some high tariff countries may be less competitive
C No high tariff countries are competitive
D All competitive countries have high tariffs
Explanation: We can only conclude that some high tariff countries may be less competitive.
A Public transport provides alternatives
B Alternatives reduce car use
C Reduced car use reduces traffic
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A C is true
B C is false
C A is false
D Both B and C are true
Explanation: A∧C→B and B is false means A∧C is false. Since A is true, C must be false.
A All interns get employed
B Some interns may get employed
C No interns get employed
D All employed people were interns
Explanation: We can only conclude that some interns may get employed.
A Scores indicate quality
B Wealthier families provide extra tutoring
C Education is important
D Scores matter
Explanation: If wealthier families provide extra tutoring, higher scores may not be due to school quality.
A A is true
B B is true
C Both A and B are true
D A and B are unknown
Explanation: C being true doesn\'t determine A or B. They could be true or false independently.
A All organic fruits protect the environment
B Some organic fruits may protect the environment
C No organic fruits protect the environment
D All environmental protection comes from organic fruits
Explanation: All organic fruits are pesticide-free, which is sustainable, which protects the environment.
A Team building is fun
B Working better together indicates improved collaboration
C Collaboration is important
D Activities are engaging
Explanation: If working better together indicates improved collaboration, this strengthens the claim.
A P is true
B Q is true
C R is true
D All of P-U are false
Explanation: By modus tollens backwards, if V is false, then U, T, S, R, Q, and P must all be false.
A All developing countries build relationships
B Some developing countries may build relationships
C No developing countries build relationships
D All relationships come from developing countries
Explanation: We can only conclude that some developing countries may build relationships.
A Costs are dropping
B Technology is improving
C The future matters
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A A is true
B A is false
C B is false
D C is false
Explanation: A→D and D is false means A must be false.
A All debaters are good decision-makers
B Some debaters may be good decision-makers
C No debaters are good decision-makers
D All good decision-makers are debaters
Explanation: We can only conclude that some debaters may be good decision-makers.
A Investment creates jobs
B Jobs may be low-paying
C Technology transfer benefits the economy
D Economies need growth
Explanation: If the jobs created are low-paying, the economic benefit may be limited.
A P is true
B P is false
C P is unknown
D Q and R are unknown
Explanation: S being true doesn\'t prove P is true. Q and R could be true from other causes.
A All self-help books produce results
B Some self-help books may produce results
C No self-help books produce results
D All results come from self-help books
Explanation: We can only conclude that some self-help books may produce results.
A Programs are popular
B Improved awareness indicates better understanding
C Understanding is valuable
D Programs are well-run
Explanation: If improved awareness indicates better understanding, this strengthens the claim.
A B is false
B
C Both B and D are false
D A is false
Explanation: A∧B→C and C is false means A∧B is false. Since A is true, B is false. A∧D→E and E is false means A∧D is false. Since A is true, D is false. So both B and D are false.
A All EU members have boosted economies
B Some EU members may have boosted economies
C No EU members have boosted economies
D All boosted economies are EU members
Explanation: We can only conclude that some EU members may have boosted economies.