A A→B→C→D
B A→B→C and A→D
C A→D and B→C
D A→B→D→C
Explanation: A manages B, B manages C, C manages D, but D also reports directly to A, creating a matrix structure.
A CRISPR edits genomes
B Genome editing can correct mutations
C Correcting mutations eliminates diseases
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A All are true
B All are false
C Alternating values
D Cannot determine
Explanation: If A is true and they form a cycle, all must be true by modus ponens.
Explanation: The lead engineer (C) would manage the junior developer (D).
A Slippery slope
B Ad hominem
C Straw man
D Circular reasoning
Explanation: Assuming AI development leads to sentience and destruction is a slippery slope.
A Pairs 1-2 and 3-4 are true
B Pairs 3-4 and 5-6 are true
C Exactly one pair is false
D All pairs are true
Explanation: Since exactly 5 are true and they form equivalence pairs, exactly one pair must be false (both statements in that pair false).
A All AI is energy-intensive
B Some AI may be energy-intensive
C No AI is energy-intensive
D All energy-intensive things are AI
Explanation: All AI requires computing power, which generates heat, which requires energy-intensive management, so all AI is energy-intensive.
A Personalization is possible
B Tailored treatments work better
C Individual differences matter
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A P is true
B Q is true
C R is true
D All are true
Explanation: The cycle P→Q→R→P means if any one is true, all are true. Exactly 2 true implies all are true.
A D is in-law to A and B
B C is in-law to D
C A is in-law to C
D B is in-law to D
Explanation: D married into the family through C, so D is in-law to A and B.
A Batteries are cheaper
B Charging infrastructure is limited
C Gas cars have range advantages
D Both B and C
Explanation: Limited charging infrastructure and range advantages of gas cars weaken the replacement claim.
A A is true
B E is true
C Contradiction
D A and E are false
Explanation: Equivalence means all must have the same truth value. Having exactly 1 true is impossible.
A Consistent
B Contradiction
C P is true
D Q is true
Explanation: If all three are false, the implications are satisfied: F∧F→F (true), so this is consistent.
A Privacy is a human right
B Tech companies collect data
C We need stronger data protection laws
D Data collection is pervasive
Explanation: The recommendation for stronger data protection laws is the conclusion.
A Statement 1 is true
B Statement 5 is true
C Statement 1 is false
D All statements are true
Explanation: If 1 is true, all are true. If 1 is false, we need 4 true from 2-5, but 2→3→4→5 means if any earlier is true, all later are true. The only way to have 4 true is 1-4 true, but 4→5 means 5 is true, making 5 true. So all are true.
A All scientists measure properties
B Some scientists may measure properties
C No scientists measure properties
D All measurements come from scientists
Explanation: Some scientists are physicists who study matter, which has measurable properties.
A Computers don\'t get tired
B Tiredness causes accidents
C Autonomous vehicles use computers
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A A is true
B B is true
C C is true
D Contradiction
Explanation: The cycle A→B→C→D→A means if any one is true, all are true. Having exactly 1 true is impossible.
Explanation: The trainee (E) is lowest in the hierarchy.
A Fossil fuels are finite
B Green energy is scalable
C Renewables are not yet cost-competitive
D Energy demand is increasing
Explanation: If renewables aren\'t cost-competitive, fossil fuels may still dominate despite being finite.