A Statements 1-3 are true
B Statements 3-5 are true
C Cannot determine
D All statements are true
Explanation: If 1 is true, all are true (5 true, contradiction). So 1 is false. If 2 is true, all later are true (4 true, contradiction). So 2 is false. If 3 is true, 4 and 5 are true (3 true). So 3, 4, 5 are true.
A All unicorns receive capital
B Some unicorns may receive capital
C No unicorns receive capital
D All capital goes to unicorns
Explanation: Some unicorns have high valuations, which attract investors, who provide capital.
A 5G enables IoT
B IoT improves manufacturing
C We should upgrade infrastructure
D Manufacturing matters
Explanation: The recommendation to upgrade infrastructure is the conclusion.
A All are true
B All are false
C Alternating values
D Cannot determine
Explanation: If P is true and they form a cycle, all must be true by modus ponens.
Explanation: The secretary (C) is typically the lowest rank among these positions.
A AI can diagnose
B Doctors provide empathy
C Diagnosis is all doctors do
D AI is accurate
Explanation: If doctors provide empathy and patient care beyond diagnosis, AI won\'t replace them all.
A Consistent
B Contradiction
C One is false
D Two are false
Explanation: If all are equivalent and all are true, this is consistent.
A All industrial robots reduce costs
B Some industrial robots may reduce costs
C No industrial robots reduce costs
D All cost reduction comes from robots
Explanation: All industrial robots automate tasks, which increases efficiency, which reduces costs.
A Blockchain voting is accessible
B Accessibility increases participation
C Current voting is inaccessible
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A Q is false
B R is false
C Both Q and R are false
D Cannot determine
Explanation: P→Q and P false doesn\'t tell us about Q. But Q→R and R→P with P false means R is false (modus tollens), and Q→R with R false means Q is false (modus tollens).
A D
B E
C Same age
D Cannot determine
Explanation: We don\'t know the ages of D and E, only their parents\' birth order.
A Slippery slope
B Ad hominem
C Straw man
D Circular reasoning
Explanation: Assuming regulation leads to the end of all free speech is a slippery slope.
A Statements 1 and 2 are true
B Statements 3 and 4 are true
C Statements 5-7 are true
D Cannot determine
Explanation: Without knowing which 5 are true, we cannot determine the specific truth values.
A All tech giants have competitive advantage
B Some tech giants may have competitive advantage
C No tech giants have competitive advantage
D All competitive advantage comes from tech giants
Explanation: All tech giants invest in R&D, which drives innovation, which creates competitive advantage.
A Cybersecurity is critical
B Threats are evolving
C Organizations must update defenses
D Defense updates help
Explanation: The call for organizations to continuously update defenses is the conclusion.
A All are true
B All are false
C Alternating values
D Cannot determine
Explanation: If A is true and they form a cycle, all must be true by modus ponens.
Explanation: C is managed by B and D, making C the lowest.
A Batteries are improving
B Electric planes have range limits
C Jet fuel is cheap
D Both B and C
Explanation: Range limits and cheap jet fuel weaken the replacement claim.
A P is true
B S is true
C Contradiction
D All are true
Explanation: Equivalence means all must have the same truth value. Having exactly 2 true is impossible.
A All recommendation engines personalize content
B Some recommendation engines may personalize content
C No recommendation engines personalize content
D All personalized content comes from recommendation engines
Explanation: All recommendation engines analyze data, which reveals preferences, which personalizes content.