A All biologics ensure quality
B Some biologics may ensure quality
C No biologics ensure quality
D All quality comes from biologics
Explanation: All biologics are complex molecules, which require precise manufacturing, which ensures quality.
A CRISPR can correct genes
B Genetic disorders have faulty genes
C Correction eliminates disorders
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A A is true
B B is true
C Contradiction
D F is false
Explanation: The cycle means if any one is true, all are true. Having exactly 2 true is impossible.
A Parent
B In-law
C Sibling
D Aunt/Uncle
Explanation: B is married to A, A is C\'s sibling, D is C\'s child, E is D\'s spouse. B is E\'s spouse\'s parent\'s sibling-in-law... in-law through marriage.
A Slippery slope
B Ad hominem
C Straw man
D Circular reasoning
Explanation: Assuming immigration destroys culture is a slippery slope.
A Statements 1-3 are true
B Statements 3-5 are true
C Cannot determine
D All statements are true
Explanation: If 1 is true, all are true (5 true, contradiction). So 1 is false. If 2 is true, all later are true (4 true, contradiction). So 2 is false. If 3 is true, 4 and 5 are true (3 true). So 3, 4, 5 are true.
A All unicorns receive capital
B Some unicorns may receive capital
C No unicorns receive capital
D All capital goes to unicorns
Explanation: Some unicorns have high valuations, which attract investors, who provide capital.
A 5G enables IoT
B IoT improves manufacturing
C We should upgrade infrastructure
D Manufacturing matters
Explanation: The recommendation to upgrade infrastructure is the conclusion.
A All are true
B All are false
C Alternating values
D Cannot determine
Explanation: If P is true and they form a cycle, all must be true by modus ponens.
Explanation: The secretary (C) is typically the lowest rank among these positions.
A AI can diagnose
B Doctors provide empathy
C Diagnosis is all doctors do
D AI is accurate
Explanation: If doctors provide empathy and patient care beyond diagnosis, AI won\'t replace them all.
A Consistent
B Contradiction
C One is false
D Two are false
Explanation: If all are equivalent and all are true, this is consistent.
A All industrial robots reduce costs
B Some industrial robots may reduce costs
C No industrial robots reduce costs
D All cost reduction comes from robots
Explanation: All industrial robots automate tasks, which increases efficiency, which reduces costs.
A Blockchain voting is accessible
B Accessibility increases participation
C Current voting is inaccessible
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A Q is false
B R is false
C Both Q and R are false
D Cannot determine
Explanation: P→Q and P false doesn\'t tell us about Q. But Q→R and R→P with P false means R is false (modus tollens), and Q→R with R false means Q is false (modus tollens).
A D
B E
C Same age
D Cannot determine
Explanation: We don\'t know the ages of D and E, only their parents\' birth order.
A Slippery slope
B Ad hominem
C Straw man
D Circular reasoning
Explanation: Assuming regulation leads to the end of all free speech is a slippery slope.
A Statements 1 and 2 are true
B Statements 3 and 4 are true
C Statements 5-7 are true
D Cannot determine
Explanation: Without knowing which 5 are true, we cannot determine the specific truth values.
A All tech giants have competitive advantage
B Some tech giants may have competitive advantage
C No tech giants have competitive advantage
D All competitive advantage comes from tech giants
Explanation: All tech giants invest in R&D, which drives innovation, which creates competitive advantage.
A Cybersecurity is critical
B Threats are evolving
C Organizations must update defenses
D Defense updates help
Explanation: The call for organizations to continuously update defenses is the conclusion.