A All are true
B All are false
C Alternating values
D Cannot determine
Explanation: If A is true and they form a cycle, all must be true by modus ponens.
Explanation: C is managed by B and D, making C the lowest.
A Batteries are improving
B Electric planes have range limits
C Jet fuel is cheap
D Both B and C
Explanation: Range limits and cheap jet fuel weaken the replacement claim.
A P is true
B S is true
C Contradiction
D All are true
Explanation: Equivalence means all must have the same truth value. Having exactly 2 true is impossible.
A All recommendation engines personalize content
B Some recommendation engines may personalize content
C No recommendation engines personalize content
D All personalized content comes from recommendation engines
Explanation: All recommendation engines analyze data, which reveals preferences, which personalizes content.
A CRISPR can modify genes
B Mosquitoes transmit malaria
C Gene modification stops transmission
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A A is true
B F is true
C Contradiction
D All are false
Explanation: The cycle means if any one is true, all are true. Having exactly 3 true is impossible.
A Grandchild-in-law
B In-law
C Grandchild
D No relation
Explanation: A is married to B, B\'s parent is C, D is C\'s spouse, E is D\'s parent. A is E\'s grandchild-in-law.
A Data drives decisions
B Decisions affect outcomes
C Companies must invest in analytics
D Outcomes matter
Explanation: The recommendation to invest in data analytics is the conclusion.
A All are true
B All are false
C Alternating values
D Cannot determine
Explanation: If P is true and they form a cycle, all must be true by modus ponens.
Explanation: The intern (E) is lowest in the hierarchy.
A AI optimizes distribution
B Hunger has political causes
C Optimization helps
D Food production matters
Explanation: If hunger has political causes, AI optimization alone may not solve it.
A A is true
B E is true
C Contradiction
D All are false
Explanation: Equivalence means all must have the same truth value. Having exactly 1 true is impossible.
A P and Q
B P and R
C Q and R
D Any two
Explanation: If any two are true, the third is true by the implications. So exactly two cannot be true.
A Renewable energy reduces dependence
B Dependence threatens security
C Nations should invest in renewables
D Security matters
Explanation: The recommendation to invest in renewables is the conclusion.
Explanation: 15% of 200 = 0.15 × 200 = 30.
Explanation: x = 12 - 5 = 7.
Explanation: Area = length × width = 8 × 5 = 40.
Explanation: 6x + 12 - 6x = 12. Wait, that\'s 12, not 0. Let me recalculate: 3(2x+4) = 6x+12, minus 6x = 12.
Explanation: 2³ = 8, 3² = 9, so 8 + 9 = 17.