A Volunteering brings people together
B Common causes unite people
C Community is important
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A C is true
B C is false
C A is false
D Both B and C are true
Explanation: B∧C→D and D is false means B∧C is false. Since B is true, C must be false.
A All domesticated animals provide companionship
B Some domesticated animals may provide companionship
C No domesticated animals provide companionship
D All companions are domesticated animals
Explanation: We can only conclude that some domesticated animals may provide companionship.
A Renewable energy reduces emissions
B Emissions harm the environment
C We should transition to renewables
D The environment matters
Explanation: The recommendation to transition to renewables is the conclusion.
A B is true
B B is false
C A is false
D Both B and C are true
Explanation: A∧B→C and C is false means A∧B is false. Since A is true, B must be false.
A All self-help books are actionable
B Some self-help books may be actionable
C No self-help books are actionable
D All actionable things are self-help books
Explanation: We can only conclude that some self-help books may be actionable.
A Electric cars are clean
B Battery production creates emissions
C Pollution is bad
D Cars produce pollution
Explanation: If battery production creates emissions, the zero-emission claim is weakened.
A P is true
B Q is true
C R is true
D All of P-T are false
Explanation: By modus tollens backwards, if U is false, then T, S, R, Q, and P must all be false.
A All island nations use fossil fuels
B Some island nations may use fossil fuels
C No island nations use fossil fuels
D All fossil fuel users are island nations
Explanation: All island nations depend on trade, some trade requires shipping, and shipping uses fossil fuels, so all island nations use fossil fuels.
A Diversity provides different perspectives
B Different perspectives generate ideas
C Innovation is valuable
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A A is true
B B is true
C C is false
D All of A-C are true
Explanation: C→D and D is false means C is false. Since exactly 3 are true and C is false, A, B, and D must be true. But D is false, contradiction. Let me reconsider: if D is false and C is false, then A and B must be true to have 3 true. So A and B are true.
A All students have good character
B Some students may have good character
C No students have good character
D All people with good character are students
Explanation: We can only conclude that some students may have good character.
A Targeted ads reach users
B Users may ignore ads
C Buying products is the goal
D Social media is widespread
Explanation: If users ignore ads, seeing targeted ads doesn\'t lead to buying products.
A A is true
B A is false
C B is false
D D is false
Explanation: A∧B→C and C is false means A∧B is false. Since B is true, A must be false. Similarly, A∧D→E and E is false with D true also means A is false.
A All seasonal fruits affect consumer behavior
B Some seasonal fruits may affect consumer behavior
C No seasonal fruits affect consumer behavior
D All consumer behavior is affected by fruits
Explanation: All seasonal fruits have limited availability, which affects pricing, which affects consumer behavior.
A Reading is popular
B Feeling relaxed indicates reduced stress
C Stress is harmful
D Books are accessible
Explanation: If feeling relaxed indicates reduced stress, this strengthens the reading-stress link.
A Q is true
B R is true
C S is true
D All of Q-T are false
Explanation: By modus tollens backwards, if U is false, then T, S, R, and Q must all be false.
A All landlocked countries have trade problems
B Some landlocked countries may have trade problems
C No landlocked countries have trade problems
D All trade problems come from landlocked countries
Explanation: We can only conclude that some landlocked countries may have trade problems.
A Commuting takes time
B Not traveling saves time
C Time savings are valuable
D All of the above
Explanation: For the argument to hold, all these assumptions must be true.
A A is true
B B is true
C C is true
D All of the above
Explanation: D→A and D true means A true. Then A∧B→C, A∧C→B, B∧C→A create a cycle where if any two are true, the third is true. So all are true.