A Ethyl phosphate
B Chloroethane (ethyl chloride)
C Ethyl dichlorophosphate
D Phosphoric acid
Explanation: PCl5 converts alcohols to alkyl chlorides: C2H5OH + PCl5 -> C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl. The OH group is replaced by Cl.
A CH3COOH > ClCH2COOH > Cl2CHCOOH > Cl3CCOOH
B Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH > CH3COOH
C All have the same acidity
D ClCH2COOH > Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > CH3COOH
Explanation: Chlorine is electron-withdrawing (inductive effect). More Cl atoms increase acidity by stabilizing the conjugate base (carboxylate anion) through electron withdrawal.
A Retention of configuration
B Inversion of configuration giving (S)-2-butanol
C Racemization
D No reaction
Explanation: SN2 proceeds with Walden inversion: the nucleophile attacks from the back side of the C-Br bond, inverting the stereochemistry from (R) to (S).
Explanation: Maximum stereoisomers = 2^n where n is the number of chiral centers. However, meso compounds may reduce this number if the molecule has internal symmetry.
A Propylbenzoic acid
B Benzoic acid
C Phenol
D No reaction
Explanation: Hot KMnO4 oxidizes any alkyl group on benzene (with at least one benzylic H) to -COOH, producing benzoic acid regardless of the alkyl chain length.
A All roses are red
B Some roses are red
C Some flowers that are red may be roses
D No rose is red
Explanation: Some flowers are red and all roses are flowers, so some roses being red is possible but not definite.
A No cat is an animal
B Some cats are animals
C No dog is a cat
D All animals are dogs
Explanation: Since no cat is a dog, it follows that no dog is a cat.
A Father
B Uncle
C Brother
D Grandfather
Explanation: P is the brother of Q, and R is Q\'s daughter, so P is the uncle of R.
A Daughter
B Granddaughter
C Sister
D Niece
Explanation: D is C\'s father and C is A\'s mother, so A is the granddaughter of D.
Explanation: The differences are 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. Next term is 30 plus 12 equals 42.
Explanation: Each term is multiplied by 2 then plus 1. So 63 times 2 plus 1 equals 127.
A LFZPCSBF
B LFZQCBSE
C LFZQBSE
D LGZPCSBF
Explanation: Each letter shifted by plus 1 gives LFZPCSBF.
A ITSH
B IVUJ
C KVLK
D HTSG
Explanation: Each letter shifted by plus 1 forward. Reversing gives ITSH.
A North-East
B North-West
C South-East
D North
Explanation: Walking North then turning right means East for 3 km, placing him North-East of start.
A 10 km
B 15 km
C 5 km
D 25 km
Explanation: The East and West movements cancel, leaving him 5 km from start.
A Cut
B Sharpen
C Wood
D Edge
Explanation: A pen is used to write, a knife is used to cut.
A Student
B School
C Book
D Knowledge
Explanation: A doctor works in a hospital, a teacher works in a school.
Explanation: All except 14 are prime numbers. 14 equals 2 times 7.
A Apple
B Mango
C Potato
D Banana
Explanation: Apple, Mango, and Banana are fruits. Potato is a vegetable.
A P is aunt of R
B P is uncle of R
C P is brother of R
D P is sister of R
Explanation: P is brother of Q and Q is sister of R, so P is uncle of R.