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Answer: Milk is a colloid where fat and protein particles are dispersed in water, exhibiting the Tyndall effect and other colloidal properties.
Answer: Phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic solutions (pH < 8.2) and turns pink in basic solutions (pH > 10).
Answer: Atomic size decreases across a period from left to right due to increasing effective nuclear charge pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.
Answer: NH4+ has 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs on nitrogen, giving sp3 hybridization with tetrahedral geometry.
Answer: FCC has 8 corner atoms (8 x 1/8 = 1) + 6 face atoms (6 x 1/2 = 3) = 4 atoms per unit cell.
Answer: The aldehyde functional group is -CHO (formyl group), where a carbonyl carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
Answer: Ca(OH)2 has n-factor = 2 (two OH- groups). Equivalent weight = 74 / 2 = 37 g/mol.
Answer: The forward reaction reduces the number of gas moles (4 -> 2). By Le Chatelier\'s principle, increased pressure shifts equilibrium toward fewer moles (right).
Answer: V2O5 is the catalyst used in the contact process to oxidize SO2 to SO3, a key step in manufacturing H2SO4.
Answer: At 443 K (high temperature), ethanol undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water via elimination of OH and H from adjacent carbons.
Answer: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, reflecting the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
Answer: NH3 has sp3 hybridization with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair. The lone pair pushes the bonds down, giving trigonal pyramidal geometry.
Answer: Al(OH)3 is amphoteric: it reacts with both acids (forming Al3+ salts) and bases (forming aluminate ions).
Answer: Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2. Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
Answer: An alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (identical to a He2+ nucleus), giving it a charge of +2.
Answer: SiO2 is an acidic oxide. It reacts with strong bases (like NaOH) to form silicates but does not react with acids (except HF).
Answer: Diamond is a network covalent solid where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbons through strong covalent bonds throughout the crystal.
Answer: C3H8O has three isomers: 1-propanol, 2-propanol (both alcohols), and methoxyethane (an ether).
Answer: Fe3+ has configuration [Ar] 3d5. All five 3d orbitals have one unpaired electron each (Hund\'s rule), giving 5 unpaired electrons.
Answer: For AgCl(s) <=> Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq), the solubility product is Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-].