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Answer: CCl4 is formed by sharing electrons between carbon and chlorine atoms, making it covalent.
Answer: Atomic radius increases down a group because new electron shells are added at each period.
Answer: Complete combustion of any hydrocarbon in excess oxygen always yields CO2 and H2O.
Answer: Gas solubility in water increases as temperature decreases because kinetic energy of gas molecules reduces.
Answer: Fe has configuration [Ar] 3d6 4s2; losing 2 electrons from 4s gives [Ar] 3d6.
Answer: Sublimation is the phase transition where a solid changes directly into gas without becoming liquid.
Answer: Sodium chloride solution conducts electricity because it dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions.
Answer: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is called laughing gas because it produces euphoria when inhaled.
Answer: By convention, the standard enthalpy of formation of an element in its most stable form is zero.
Answer: The Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure, equal to one newton per square meter.
Answer: Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2.
Answer: In this reaction, hydrogen adds across the double bond of ethene to form ethane.
Answer: But-2-ene exhibits cis-trans isomerism because each carbon of the double bond has different substituents.
Answer: Chlorine gains one electron to form Cl-, giving it 18 electrons arranged as 2, 8, 8 like argon.
Answer: Sodium has 11 electrons arranged as 2, 8, 1 giving it one valence electron.
Answer: Carbon-14 has 6 protons, 14 - 6 = 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons (neutral atom).
Answer: In propan-1-ol the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon bonded to only one other carbon atom.
Answer: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an oxoacid because it contains oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur.
Answer: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) completely ionizes in water, making it a strong acid.
Answer: Chlorine is a halogen and belongs to Group 17 of the periodic table.