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in Chemistry
Answer: Maximum stereoisomers = 2^n where n is the number of chiral centers. However, meso compounds may reduce this number if the molecule has internal symmetry.
Answer: Hot KMnO4 oxidizes any alkyl group on benzene (with at least one benzylic H) to -COOH, producing benzoic acid regardless of the alkyl chain length.
Answer: PCl5 converts alcohols to alkyl chlorides: C2H5OH + PCl5 -> C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl. The OH group is replaced by Cl.
Answer: Chlorine is electron-withdrawing (inductive effect). More Cl atoms increase acidity by stabilizing the conjugate base (carboxylate anion) through electron withdrawal.
Answer: SN2 proceeds with Walden inversion: the nucleophile attacks from the back side of the C-Br bond, inverting the stereochemistry from (R) to (S).