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Unit-10 Evolution

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A. Homologous organs
B. Analogous organs
C. Vestigial organs
D. Artificial organs
Answer: Homologous organs share a common basic structure and origin but may perform different functions, like the forelimbs of mammals.
A. Human wishes
B. Natural selection acting on variation
C. Sudden changes in diet only
D. Chance alone
Answer: Adaptations accumulate over generations as natural selection favours individuals with beneficial variations.
A. Analogous organs
B. Vital organs
C. Vestigial organs
D. Homologous organs
Answer: Vestigial organs are reduced, non-functional remnants of organs that were functional in ancestral organisms.
A. Increase in food
B. Increase in population
C. More genetic variation
D. Loss of habitat
Answer: Destruction of habitat removes the conditions needed for a species to survive, often leading to extinction.
A. Divergent evolution
B. Convergent evolution
C. Artificial selection
D. Extinction
Answer: Divergent evolution occurs when related species gradually become different as they adapt to different environments.
A. Produce variation
B. Adapt to changing conditions
C. Reproduce excessively
D. Migrate within its range
Answer: If a species cannot adapt to changes in its environment, its members die out and the species may become extinct.
A. Lungs
B. Kidneys
C. Appendix
D. Heart
Answer: The appendix is a vestigial organ in humans, a remnant of a larger organ used for digestion in plant-eating ancestors.
A. Europe
B. Australia
C. Antarctica
D. Africa
Answer: Fossil evidence indicates that human evolution began in Africa.
A. Divergent evolution
B. Convergent evolution
C. Artificial selection
D. Use and disuse
Answer: Homologous organs arise through divergent evolution from a common ancestor into different functions.
A. Embryology
B. Molecular biology
C. Anatomy
D. Fossils
Answer: Molecular biology compares DNA sequences and proteins; greater similarity indicates closer evolutionary relationships.
A. Overproduction
B. Extinction
C. Artificial selection
D. Natural selection
Answer: Artificial selection is the intentional breeding by humans of organisms with desirable characteristics.
A. Tail length
B. Body fur
C. Number of fingers
D. Brain size
Answer: During human evolution, brain size increased greatly, enabling tool use, language, and complex thought.
A. Selective breeding
B. Random breeding
C. Spontaneous generation
D. Natural elimination
Answer: Artificial selection is commonly called selective breeding because humans select which individuals breed.
A. Arboreal life
B. Bipedalism
C. Quadrupedalism
D. Nocturnalism
Answer: Bipedalism, the ability to walk on two legs, was a major step in human evolution.
A. Speciation only
B. Natural death
C. Convergent evolution
D. Divergent evolution
Answer: Analogous organs form through convergent evolution as unrelated organisms adapt to similar environments.
A. All finches had identical beaks
B. Finches never changed
C. Finches did not reproduce
D. Different beak shapes arose from adaptation to different foods
Answer: Galapagos finches evolved different beak shapes suited to different food sources, demonstrating natural selection.
A. Environment (nature)
B. Farmers
C. Scientists
D. Veterinarians
Answer: In natural selection, the environment naturally selects organisms best suited to survive and reproduce.
A. Embryonic development
B. Natural selection
C. Artificial selection
D. Fossil formation
Answer: During the Industrial Revolution, dark-coloured moths survived better on soot-darkened trees, showing natural selection.
A. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Hooke
C. Alfred Russel Wallace
D. Gregor Mendel
Answer: Alfred Russel Wallace independently formulated the theory of natural selection and presented it jointly with Darwin.
A. Extinction
B. Migration
C. Digestion
D. Speciation
Answer: Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new species arise from existing ones.
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