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FBISE Biology
Answer: In 1665 Robert Hooke used a microscope to observe thin slices of cork and described the tiny box-like units as cells.
Answer: Matthias Schleiden (plants, 1838) and Theodor Schwann (animals, 1839) together proposed the cell theory.
Answer: Rudolf Virchow (1855) added the principle that new cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
Answer: The cell theory does not state that all cells have cell walls or chloroplasts; these are present only in some cells.
Answer: Robert Hooke named the chambers he observed in cork 'cells' because they resembled the small rooms of a monastery.
Answer: In 1831 Robert Brown first described and named the nucleus in plant cells.
Answer: The cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the functions of life.
Answer: Viruses are non-cellular agents, so the statements of the cell theory do not apply to them.
Answer: The cytoplasm is the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane where organelles float.
Answer: The nucleus is the largest organelle in most cells and contains the genetic material.
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a true membrane-bound nucleus; their genetic material lies freely in the cytoplasm.
Answer: Cytology is the branch of biology that deals with cells, while histology deals with tissues.
Answer: Mitochondria release energy from glucose and store it in ATP, so they are called the powerhouse of the cell.
Answer: Ribosomes are small granules composed of RNA and proteins and are the site of protein synthesis.
Answer: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Answer: Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, so they are prokaryotes.
Answer: Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, ER, or Golgi apparatus.
Answer: The nucleoid is an irregular region in the cytoplasm where the prokaryotic chromosome is located.
Answer: Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, whereas eukaryotic cells contain larger 80S ribosomes.
Answer: Prokaryotes generally carry a single, circular DNA molecule in the nucleoid.