Science Group

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Science Group

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A. Overproduction
B. Extinction
C. Artificial selection
D. Natural selection
Answer: Artificial selection is the intentional breeding by humans of organisms with desirable characteristics.
A. Tail length
B. Body fur
C. Number of fingers
D. Brain size
Answer: During human evolution, brain size increased greatly, enabling tool use, language, and complex thought.
A. Selective breeding
B. Random breeding
C. Spontaneous generation
D. Natural elimination
Answer: Artificial selection is commonly called selective breeding because humans select which individuals breed.
A. Arboreal life
B. Bipedalism
C. Quadrupedalism
D. Nocturnalism
Answer: Bipedalism, the ability to walk on two legs, was a major step in human evolution.
A. Speciation only
B. Natural death
C. Convergent evolution
D. Divergent evolution
Answer: Analogous organs form through convergent evolution as unrelated organisms adapt to similar environments.
A. All finches had identical beaks
B. Finches never changed
C. Finches did not reproduce
D. Different beak shapes arose from adaptation to different foods
Answer: Galapagos finches evolved different beak shapes suited to different food sources, demonstrating natural selection.
A. Environment (nature)
B. Farmers
C. Scientists
D. Veterinarians
Answer: In natural selection, the environment naturally selects organisms best suited to survive and reproduce.
A. Embryonic development
B. Natural selection
C. Artificial selection
D. Fossil formation
Answer: During the Industrial Revolution, dark-coloured moths survived better on soot-darkened trees, showing natural selection.
A. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Hooke
C. Alfred Russel Wallace
D. Gregor Mendel
Answer: Alfred Russel Wallace independently formulated the theory of natural selection and presented it jointly with Darwin.
A. Extinction
B. Migration
C. Digestion
D. Speciation
Answer: Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new species arise from existing ones.
A. Characteristics that help an organism survive in its environment
B. Random changes with no purpose
C. Organs that are always useless
D. Changes that only occur in plants
Answer: Adaptations are inherited characteristics that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its habitat.
A. Remain unchanged
B. Increase in frequency
C. Decrease in frequency
D. Disappear immediately
Answer: Individuals with favourable traits survive and reproduce more, so those traits become more common over generations.
A. Making food
B. Storing water
C. Protection from predators
D. Getting heavier
Answer: Camouflage helps the chameleon hide from predators and also to ambush prey, improving its survival.
A. A constant environment
B. No reproduction
C. Identical individuals
D. Genetic variation in a population
Answer: Without genetic variation there is nothing for natural selection to act upon, so evolution cannot occur.
A. Hunting and habitat loss by humans
B. Natural selection
C. Too much food
D. Excess genetic variation
Answer: Overhunting and destruction of habitat drove dodos and passenger pigeons to extinction.
A. Large ears of rabbits
B. Long roots and water storage in cacti
C. Webbed feet in ducks
D. Streamlined body of fish
Answer: Cacti have long roots and succulent stems that store water, adapting them to dry desert conditions.
A. Desert life
B. Aquatic life
C. Cold climate
D. Hot climate
Answer: Thick fur and fat layers insulate polar bears against the extreme cold of their Arctic environment.
A. Independent origin
B. Recent special creation
C. No relationship
D. Common ancestry
Answer: The similar underlying bone structure of these forelimbs is evidence that all mammals share a common ancestor.
A. Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
B. Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Australopithecus
C. Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens, Australopithecus
D. Homo habilis, Homo sapiens, Australopithecus, Homo erectus
Answer: The generally accepted sequence of human ancestors runs from Australopithecus through Homo habilis and Homo erectus to Homo sapiens.
A. Evolution
B. Extinction
C. Speciation
D. Adaptation
Answer: Extinction is the permanent loss of a species when its last individuals die out.