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Unit-9 Plant Reproduction
Answer: Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring of their own kind, ensuring the continuity of species.
Answer: Grafting joins an upper stem piece (scion) to a rooted part (rootstock) so they grow together as one plant.
Answer: When pollen travels between flowers of different plants of the same species, the process is called cross-pollination.
Answer: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and does not require the fusion of gametes.
Answer: Grafting combines the strong roots of one plant (stock) with the desirable stem or fruit of another (scion).
Answer: Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical clones of the single parent.
Answer: Vegetative propagation uses vegetative parts such as stems, roots and leaves, but not pollen grains, which are reproductive parts.
Answer: Parthenocarpy is the development of a fruit without fertilization, as seen in bananas and seedless grapes.
Answer: The potato tuber is a swollen underground stem that bears buds (eyes) which grow into new plants.
Answer: Bryophyllum bears buds along the margins of its leaves, and each bud can develop into a new plant.
Answer: Runners are horizontal creeping stems; new plants arise at the nodes of runners, as in strawberry.
Answer: Because asexual reproduction produces identical offspring with no genetic variation, the species cannot adapt easily to changing conditions.
Answer: Monocot embryos carry a single cotyledon, while dicot embryos have two cotyledons.
Answer: Ginger grows from an underground horizontal stem called a rhizome, which stores food and bears buds.
Answer: Sugarcane is propagated vegetatively by planting pieces of its stem (setts), each with buds.
Answer: Bulbs are short underground stems surrounded by fleshy leaves, as in onion and garlic.
Answer: In grafting, the scion is the stem part bearing buds that form the new shoot, while the stock supplies the root system.
Answer: In hypogeal germination the epicotyl elongates and pushes the plumule upward while the cotyledons stay below the soil.
Answer: In budding, a small outgrowth (bud) forms on the parent cell, grows and detaches as a new yeast cell.
Answer: A corm is a short, swollen underground stem that stores food and produces new plants, as in colocasia.