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Unit-9 Plant Reproduction
Answer: Each ovule in the ovary develops into a seed after fertilization.
Answer: Once fertilization occurs, the petals usually wither and fall because they are no longer needed.
Answer: Vegetative propagation involves mitosis only, so the new plants are genetically identical clones of the parent.
Answer: In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface.
Answer: Water, oxygen and a suitable temperature are the essential conditions for seed germination.
Answer: In hypogeal germination, the cotyledons remain below the soil while the plumule emerges above it.
Answer: Pea shows hypogeal germination because its cotyledons stay below the ground during germination.
Answer: In layering, a branch is bent down and covered with soil; once roots form at the covered part, the branch becomes a new plant.
Answer: The pollen tube carries the male gamete down to the ovule, where the egg cell is located.
Answer: Bean shows epigeal germination, in which the cotyledons are lifted above the soil by the elongating hypocotyl.
Answer: Insects visiting flowers pick up pollen and carry it to other flowers, helping in pollination.
Answer: Animals eat fleshy fruits and disperse the tough seeds through their digestive system or by dropping them elsewhere.
Answer: The feathery pappus of dandelion seeds acts like a parachute, allowing wind to carry them far away.
Answer: Germination requires water to soften the seed coat and oxygen for respiration, along with a suitable temperature.
Answer: Coconut fruits float in water, so they are dispersed by ocean and river currents to distant shores.
Answer: Oxygen is needed for the respiration of the germinating seed to release energy from stored food.
Answer: The scutellum is the single cotyledon of monocot seeds such as maize and wheat.
Answer: In budding, the new individual arises from a small outgrowth (bud) on the parent's body, as in yeast.
Answer: Cotyledons store food that supplies energy and materials to the seedling until it can photosynthesize.
Answer: Grafting is an artificial method of vegetative propagation in which parts of two plants are joined together.