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Unit-3 The cell
Answer: The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of flattened sacs (cisternae) with vesicles.
Answer: In plant cells the Golgi apparatus is called a dictyosome.
Answer: Newly made proteins leave the ER in vesicles that fuse with the Golgi apparatus.
Answer: The Golgi apparatus buds off vesicles that carry secretions out of the cell.
Answer: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Answer: When lysosomes rupture, their digestive enzymes destroy the cell's own contents, hence the name.
Answer: Digestive enzymes are packaged by the Golgi apparatus into lysosomes.
Answer: Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that store water, salts, sugars, and waste products.
Answer: Mature plant cells have one large central vacuole occupying much of the cell volume.
Answer: The vacuolar membrane is called the tonoplast.
Answer: Chlorophyll, present in chloroplasts, gives leaves their green color and captures light energy.
Answer: Leucoplasts are storage plastids found in non-green parts of plants.
Answer: Chromoplasts contain pigments other than chlorophyll and give color to flowers and fruits.
Answer: Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis using light, water, and carbon dioxide.
Answer: A chloroplast has an outer and an inner membrane surrounding the stroma and thylakoids.
Answer: Centrioles are found in animal cells but are generally absent in higher plant cells.
Answer: Centrioles organize the spindle apparatus that separates chromosomes during cell division.
Answer: The cytoskeleton maintains the shape of the cell and supports its organelles.
Answer: The cytoskeleton is built from microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
Answer: Along with support, the cytoskeleton assists in cell movement and the movement of materials within the cell.