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Unit-3 The cell

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A. living, flexible membrane
B. non-living, rigid structure
C. fluid mosaic structure
D. protein-synthesizing structure
Answer: The cell wall is non-living and rigid, unlike the living plasma membrane.
A. single layer of cellulose
B. protein coat
C. phospholipid bilayer
D. polysaccharide layer
Answer: The plasma membrane is built on a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipid molecules with embedded proteins.
A. Singer and Nicolson
B. Schleiden and Schwann
C. Hooke and Brown
D. Watson and Crick
Answer: Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic model in 1972, describing proteins floating in a fluid lipid bilayer.
A. all substances to pass freely
B. no substance to pass through
C. only water to enter and nothing to leave
D. only certain substances to pass through
Answer: A selectively permeable membrane permits some molecules to pass while preventing others.
A. fixed at the outer surface only
B. embedded in a fluid lipid bilayer
C. arranged in a rigid mesh
D. absent from the membrane
Answer: In the fluid mosaic model, proteins float in or on the fluid phospholipid bilayer like mosaic pieces.
A. diffusion
B. phagocytosis
C. osmosis
D. transpiration
Answer: Osmosis is the net movement of water from a region of higher water concentration to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
A. simple diffusion
B. active transport only
C. phagocytosis
D. osmosis of solutes
Answer: Small nonpolar molecules diffuse easily through the lipid bilayer down their concentration gradient.
A. flaccid
B. plasmolyzed
C. shrunken
D. turgid
Answer: In a hypotonic solution water enters the cell, making it swollen and turgid.
A. hypotonic solution
B. hypertonic solution
C. isotonic solution
D. distilled water
Answer: In a hypertonic solution the cell loses water and the cytoplasm shrinks away from the wall, causing plasmolysis.
A. cellulose and pectin
B. chitin and proteins
C. lipids and proteins
D. RNA and lipids
Answer: The plasma membrane consists mainly of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and some carbohydrates.
A. cell membrane (plasmalemma)
B. cell wall
C. nuclear envelope
D. tonoplast
Answer: The plasma membrane is also called the cell membrane or plasmalemma.
A. nucleoplasm
B. cell wall
C. chromatin
D. cytoplasm
Answer: Cytoplasm is the semi-fluid material filling the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
A. nucleoplasm
B. cytosol
C. stroma
D. matrix
Answer: The cytosol is the fluid part of the cytoplasm in which organelles are suspended.
A. nucleoplasm
B. tonoplast
C. cytosol
D. peptidoglycan
Answer: Cytosol is the water-based fluid containing dissolved salts, sugars, and other small molecules.
A. cytoplasm
B. cell wall
C. nucleolus
D. chromosome
Answer: The cytoplasm is the site of most metabolic activities of the cell.
A. ribosome
B. lysosome
C. vacuole
D. nucleus
Answer: The nucleus directs and controls the activities of the cell and holds genetic material.
A. plasma membrane
B. nuclear envelope
C. tonoplast
D. cell wall
Answer: The nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane) separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
A. a single membrane
B. peptidoglycan
C. two membranes
D. cellulose
Answer: The nucleus is enclosed by two membranes forming the nuclear envelope with pores in between.
A. ribosomes
B. chlorophyll
C. lipids
D. starch
Answer: The nucleolus produces RNA and is involved in ribosome formation.
A. RNA and lipids
B. cellulose and proteins
C. sugars and salts
D. DNA and proteins
Answer: Chromatin consists of DNA coiled around proteins and condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
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