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Unit-3 The cell
Answer: Chromatin threads condense and coil into distinct chromosomes when the cell divides.
Answer: Nucleopores permit the movement of molecules such as RNA and proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.
Answer: Mammalian red blood cells are enucleated, lacking a nucleus to make room for hemoglobin.
Answer: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration where energy is released.
Answer: The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded into cristae, which increase the surface area for respiration.
Answer: A mitochondrion has an outer and an inner membrane enclosing the matrix.
Answer: Mitochondria possess their own DNA and ribosomes, supporting their semi-autonomous nature.
Answer: Mitochondria generate ATP during cellular respiration.
Answer: The matrix is the fluid filling the inner space of the mitochondrion.
Answer: Ribosomes read mRNA to build proteins, so they are the sites of protein synthesis.
Answer: Each ribosome is formed of ribosomal RNA and proteins arranged in two subunits.
Answer: Ribosomes stud the surface of the rough ER, giving it a granular appearance.
Answer: Free ribosomes make proteins needed inside the cell, whereas ribosomes on rough ER make proteins for export.
Answer: The rough ER carries ribosomes that synthesize proteins for transport out of the cell.
Answer: The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis.
Answer: The ER network transports materials inside the cell and connects different organelles.
Answer: Ribosomes attached to the outer surface give the rough ER its granular look.
Answer: The smooth ER has no ribosomes, so it does not synthesize proteins.
Answer: The ER extends from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane, forming a connected network.
Answer: The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and secretes proteins and other materials.