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FBISE Biology
Answer: Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, represented as 2n.
Answer: Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, represented as n.
Answer: Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes and are diploid (2n).
384
Answer: Gametes contain one set of chromosomes and are haploid (n).
Answer: In zygotene, homologous chromosomes start to pair up, beginning synapsis.
Answer: Human somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), i.e., 2n = 46.
Answer: Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes, i.e., n = 23.
Answer: Homologous chromosomes carry genes controlling the same traits, although the alleles may differ.
Answer: Gametes are haploid, so they contain half of the diploid number, i.e., 15 chromosomes.
Answer: In diakinesis the chromosomes become maximally condensed and the chiasmata move toward the ends of the chromosome arms, a process called terminalization.
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Answer: Benign tumors are non-cancerous and remain localized at their site of origin.
Answer: Malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
Answer: Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and spread through the body.
Answer: Cancer results when cells divide without the normal control of the cell cycle.
Answer: Apoptosis is an orderly, programmed process, whereas necrosis is unplanned cell death caused by injury.
Answer: Apoptosis is the genetically controlled process of cell suicide.
Answer: Apoptosis removes unneeded cells, for example the webbing between the fingers is removed by programmed cell death.
Answer: Metastasis is the movement and growth of cancer cells at new sites away from the primary tumor.
Answer: Apoptosis eliminates cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair, preventing them from becoming cancerous.
Answer: Cancer cells have lost normal cell cycle control, so they divide continuously and form tumors.