Science Group
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FBISE Biology
Answer: A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function.
Answer: Cells group to form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, which together form an organism.
Answer: Meristematic tissue contains actively dividing cells that bring about growth in plants.
Answer: Meristematic cells have thin cell walls, dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei because they divide actively.
Answer: Lateral meristem (vascular cambium and cork cambium) adds new layers, increasing the thickness of stems and roots.
Answer: Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of roots and shoots and increases their length.
Answer: Intercalary meristem is present at the bases of internodes, mainly in grasses and monocots, and helps in their regrowth.
Answer: Parenchyma is a simple tissue made of only one type of cell, while xylem, phloem and epidermis are complex or special tissues.
Answer: Collenchyma has thickenings of cellulose and pectin at the corners, providing flexible mechanical support to young stems.
Answer: Sclerenchyma cells have thick, lignified walls and are usually dead at maturity, giving mechanical support.
Answer: Parenchyma stores food and water; in some cases it also carries out photosynthesis or supports buoyancy.
Answer: Unlike collenchyma, sclerenchyma cells develop thick lignified walls and mostly lose their protoplasts at maturity.
Answer: Xylem conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
Answer: Phloem is composed mainly of sieve tubes and companion cells along with phloem fibres and parenchyma.
Answer: Mature sieve tubes lack a nucleus, so companion cells help in their metabolism and food transport.
Answer: Epidermis is the outermost protective layer of leaves, stems and roots.
Answer: Cork cells are impregnated with suberin, which makes them impermeable to water and gases.
Answer: Epithelial tissue covers and lines body surfaces and cavities, providing protection and absorption.
Answer: Squamous epithelium is made of flat, thin cells that fit closely together like floor tiles.
Answer: Cuboidal epithelium, with cube-shaped cells, lines kidney tubules and gland ducts where secretion and absorption occur.