Unit-5 Pressure and Deformation in Solids

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Unit-5 Pressure and Deformation in Solids

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21
A. equally in all directions
B. only in the upward direction
C. only in one fixed direction
D. only in the downward direction
Answer: Pascal's law: an external pressure is transmitted undiminished to every part of the fluid and its container.
22
A. Pascal's law
B. Archimedes' principle
C. Hooke's law
D. Newton's third law
Answer: Hydraulic machines such as the press, lift and brakes all work on Pascal's law.
23
A. greater than the force applied on the smaller piston
B. equal to the force on the smaller piston
C. less than the force on the smaller piston
D. unrelated to the piston areas
Answer: Force is multiplied in proportion to the areas: F2 = F1 x A2/A1, so the larger piston gives a bigger force.
24
A. incompressible
B. compressible
C. lighter than air
D. always at low pressure
Answer: An incompressible liquid transmits the brake force equally and quickly to all wheels.
25
A. 1000 N
B. 10,000 N
C. 100 N
D. 100,000 N
Answer: F2 = F1 x A2/A1 = 100 x (1/0.01) = 10,000 N.
26
A. lift heavy loads by applying a small force
B. measure the temperature of a liquid
C. measure atmospheric pressure
D. decrease the pressure of a gas
Answer: Pascal's law allows a small force on a small piston to lift a heavy load on a large piston.
27
A. volume of liquid displaced and the density of the liquid
B. colour of the liquid
C. surface area of the container only
D. temperature of the air above
Answer: Upthrust = weight of displaced liquid = V rho g, so it depends on displaced volume and liquid density.
28
A. weight of the liquid displaced by the body
B. weight of the body itself
C. density of the body
D. volume of the container
Answer: Archimedes' principle: upthrust = weight of the displaced liquid.
29
A. equal to the weight of the body
B. greater than the weight of the body
C. less than the weight of the body
D. always zero
Answer: For a floating body the upward buoyant force balances its weight, so the two are equal.
30
A. 5000 N
B. 500 N
C. 50,000 N
D. 0.5 N
Answer: Upthrust = V rho g = 0.5 x 1000 x 10 = 5000 N.
31
A. greater than the density of the liquid
B. less than the density of the liquid
C. equal to the density of the liquid
D. zero
Answer: If the object's density exceeds the liquid's, its weight exceeds the upthrust and it sinks.
32
A. less than the density of water
B. greater than the density of water
C. equal to the density of water
D. unrelated to the density of water
Answer: Since 700 < 1000, the upthrust can balance the weight and the body floats.
33
A. mass per unit volume
B. weight per unit area
C. volume per unit mass
D. force per unit area
Answer: Density = mass/volume, the amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance.
34
A. kg/m^3
B. kg/m^2
C. N/m^2
D. kg/m
Answer: Density is mass (kg) divided by volume (m^3), giving the unit kg/m^3.
35
A. 800 kg/m^3
B. 200 kg/m^3
C. 2000 kg/m^3
D. 80 kg/m^3
Answer: Density = mass/volume = 400/0.5 = 800 kg/m^3.
36
A. deformation
B. pressure
C. density
D. buoyancy
Answer: Deformation is the change in shape or size of a body under the action of a force.
37
A. density of water
B. density of air
C. density of mercury
D. mass of the body
Answer: Relative density = density of substance / density of water; it has no unit.
38
A. no unit
B. the unit kg/m^3
C. the unit N/m^2
D. the unit pascal
Answer: Relative density is the ratio of two densities, so it is a pure number without a unit.
39
A. 5.4
B. 54
C. 0.54
D. 540
Answer: Relative density = 5400/1000 = 5.4 (relative to the density of water).
40
A. 2000 N
B. 200 N
C. 20,000 N
D. 20 N
Answer: Upthrust = V rho g = 0.2 x 1000 x 10 = 2000 N.
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